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Homelessness Of Philadelphia And Pennsylvania - 2296 Words

Homelessness Effecting Pennsylvania In Philadelphia, homelessness is all around. On every street in the city, there will most likely be a homeless person asking for money or sleeping on the ground owning little to nothing. Homelessness is not only a major problem in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania but entirely the United States. There are so many people living on the streets, in abandoned houses, and even cars. The majority of homeless people are veterans, drug addicts, unemployed people, people who have a mental illness and teenagers who have ran away. The best solution to getting people off the streets and able to work, make money and living in a house or apartment that they can afford is for the state to give more money to homeless shelters and organizations. If the state of Pennsylvania gave more money to homeless shelters, the shelters would be able to open up their doors to more homeless people and help them get back on track. The shelters would also be able to build more shelters so they can eventually get all of homeless people off the streets. They would be able to hire more people to help out with their mission and teach the homeless way in a crash course of getting their life together. For the drug addicts, there would be rehab offered to the homeless and it would then eliminate not only homelessness in itself but also drugs on the streets. With such astonishing numbers, homelessness has increased within the last few years like never before. There are more homelessShow MoreRelatedThe Four Foundation Health Measures That Serve As An Indicator Of Progress Towards Achieving The Goals Of Hp1743 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain how they relate to the LGBT health disparities that are discussed in HP2020 (12 points). These are the efforts to address health disparities: 1. Implementing anti-bullying policies in schools. 2. Social support services to reduce suicide and homelessness among youth. 3. 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Gauging The Causes Of Energy Insecurity Economics Essay Free Essays

string(288) " recent survey carried out in 2010 by the Institute Francias du Petrole \( IFP \) reveals the proven, possible probable and possible militias of oil around the universe and the Middle East remains dominant accounting for approximately 58 % of the universe proven militias of oil\[ 12 \]\." Introduction Numerous energy literatures written by academic research workers, every bit good as statements made by representatives of oil consuming and oil bring forthing states have indicated that the construct of energy security is an elusive 1. There has been varied definitions for energy security runing from uninterrupted oil supplies at ‘reasonable monetary values ‘ to physical security of energy installations from break and really late an add-on to the definition is the ability to run into energy demands while equilibrating the environmental concerns of clime alteration extenuation. The ensuing consequence of so many definitions of energy security is that the appraisal of energy security non so straightforward. We will write a custom essay sample on Gauging The Causes Of Energy Insecurity Economics Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Different states depending on their ain peculiar fortunes step energy security otherwise hence doing the construct ‘self functioning ‘ . Literature has nevertheless identified some generalized factors as being the constituents of energy security in any state. Factors including: diverseness of energy supplies, degree of imports ; security of trade flows ; energy geopolitics ; portion of one peculiar fuel in the fuel mix ; market/price volatility and energy dependability, have been identified as utile for understanding energy security in any state. Energy insecurity no matter the cause consequences in welfare loss to society. Of all the causes of energy insecurity none is as politicized, relentless and permeant as fossil fuel resource concentration. The challenge of dodo fuel concentration is obvious from geological facts that grounds the skewed spread of fossil fuel sedimentations in certain parts in the universe. The of import inquiries that this paper seeks to reply are ; What are the causes of Energy insecurity? Can we divide the physical handiness and monetary value constituent of energy insecurity? How does fossil fuel concentration affect each constituent above every bit good as the energy insecurity job in general? How do we economically assess the public assistance deductions of energy insecurity due to fossil fuel concentration on an economic system? A careful survey of the issues raised above has been undertaken and it is hoped that the replies supplied in this paper would supply a clear counsel for policy shaper ‘s on the energy security deduction of fossil fuel concentration. Chapter one introduces the paper. Chapter two discusses the energy security challenge while concentrating on the unjust distribution of fossil fuels and the impact of menaces and Acts of the Apostless of terrorist act on energy security. Chapter three focal points on the measurings of fossil fuel concentration get downing with the methodological model of Herfindahl Hirshman Index ( HHI ) and ends with the more practical method suggested by Levefre. Chapter four focal points on the instance surveies get downing with why the pick of Japan and USA while so utilizing already calculated indexes and IEA informations to measure the ESPI for each fuel and ESPAI for gas in the command to gauge the impact to energy security of dodo fuel resource concentration and a projection is made for these two indexs to 2030 based on IEA mention scenario. Finally, chapter five concludes the paper. THE ENERGY SECURITY CHALLENGE 2.1 WHAT CAUSES ENERGY INSECURITY? In the twenty-first century universe, many economic systems depend extremely on energy to drive industrialization and power their economic systems. The demand for fossil fuels ( oil, coal and natural gas ) in the modern car industry, power coevals, agribusiness, fabrication and virtually all facets of human life has made the handiness and regular ( uninterrupted ) supply of energy at low-cost monetary values a really of import policy end for most authoritiess[ 6 ]. However, since all states do non possess the same sum of resource sedimentations with their boundary lines, many states have had to trust on imports for run intoing their energy demands hence exposing such states to the menace of break in supply of energy as a consequence of the exogenic nature of supply. Furthermore, the menace of clime alteration and lifting temperature degrees has made the energy security challenge far more complex because it is no longer plenty pursue uninterrupted supply of energy but besides guarantee that it is done in an environmentally sustainable mode. Besides, the asymmetric spread of fossil fuel sedimentations in the universe has proven to be rather of import in the finding of fossil fuel trade good monetary values and the oil market in peculiar is peculiarly volatile as a consequence of this. This un-equal distribution of natural resources with the boundary lines of each state of the universe has created a planetary trade good market for oil, gas and coal but besides caused energy insecurity[ 7 ]. As pervading as the geo-politics of oil is, there is small research on the economic appraisal of energy security deduction of fossil fuel resource concentration due to the qualitative nature of political instability which has proven really hard to mensurate. This paper seeks to bridge this spread by supplying indexes that will capture the impact of political instability on monetary value and physical handiness constituents of energy security[ 8 ] 2.2 THE INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES IEA ( 2009 ) reveals that fossil fuels together accounted for a sum of 81 % of the World primary energy demand in 2007. Oil demand is 33 % of entire and represents the largest portion with coal ( 27 % ) and Gas ( 21 % ) ranking 2nd and 3rd topographic point severally[ 9 ]. The inquiry now is what is the geographical distribution of these energy resources?[ 10 ]( See figure 1 below ) Harmonizing to Energy Information Agency ( EIA ) in 2005[ 11 ], the part that holds the universe ‘s largest proven militias of oil is the Middle East ( Approximately about 800billion barrels of proved militias of oil ) . In footings of proportion, over 65 % of the universes proven crude oil Militias are situated in the Middle East, approximately 78.2 % are located in Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ) , 25 % are located in Saudi Arabia entirely and the Russian Federation histories for 5.7 % and is ranked as the following largest manufacturer outside OPEC ( See figure 2 below ) A more recent survey carried out in 2010 by the Institute Francias du Petrole ( IFP ) reveals the proven, possible probable and possible militias of oil around the universe and the Middle East remains dominant accounting for approximately 58 % of the universe proven militias of oil[ 12 ]. ( See figure 3 below ) A closer expression at the regional distribution of oil shows that 9 out of the 11 richest oil bring forthing states in the universe are located around the Caspian Sea Region a really volatile and conflict prone part marked by many wars and political instability[ 13 ]. The Chechenya struggle in Russia, the USA-Iraq invasion and the Niger delta agitation in Nigeria are some of the illustrations of such struggles to advert a few[ 14 ]. ( See figure 4 below ) . Natural gas militias are besides unevenly distributed by geographic part worldwide. From the figure below, most dominant part is the Middle East accounting for approximately 45 % of universes proved militias[ 15 ]. Until late due to transit restraints, the majority of gas had to be traded within the major geographical parts that possessed this resource. With the coming of LNG ( Liquefied Natural Gas ) , universe economic systems have witnessed the development of a truly planetary gas market. ( See figure 5 below ) The geographical distribution of coal militias nevertheless reveals a different image. Coal militias are reasonably equally distributed worldwide, but with a few dominant states Harmonizing to World Energy Council ( WEC ) study informations for about 70 states, One-third of coal militias is located in North America ( 29 % ) , dominated by the United States ; one-third in Eurasia ( 34 % ) , dominated by Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Serbia ; and one-third in Asia-Oceania ( 31 % ) , where the militias in China entirely are equal to the amount of the militias in India and Australia. Africa represents less than 5 % of the sum, with the majority of the coal wealth to be found in South Africa and South America holds merely 2 % of universe militias[ 16 ]. Proven militias of coal at year-end 2008 stood at an estimated 826 billion dozenss ( Gt ) , stand foring about 122 old ages of production at the current rate[ 17 ]. Regional production of coal nevertheless reveals the laterality of the Asia-pacific part ( 61 % ) with China and India playing a major function. North America produces 19 % ; Europe produces 14 % and the remainder of the universe ( 6 % )[ 18 ]. ( See figure 6 below ) 2.3 THREATS AND ENERGY INSECURITY The skewed distribution of dodo fuel militias ( oil in specific ) has led to a battalion of differences throughout clip and history. Today, about 30 % of current struggles ( wars ) have been straight linked to oil[ 20 ]. More late acts of terrorist act by Al-Qaeda and attached Jihadist group have been targeted at Middle East Oil[ 21 ]. In 2002, a Gallic oil oiler ( Limbourg ) off the Yemen Coast was attacked with a suicide boat filled with explosives. Al-Qaeda besides attacked the Saudi port of Yanbu in 2003-2004, killing five applied scientists from the Western World. In 2006, a failed effort to assail the Abqaiq refinery took topographic point. The existent impact of these menaces asides its existent consequence on the monetary value of oil, is on the investor assurance in the degree of security, effectivity of jurisprudence enforcement establishments every bit good as the credibleness of political governments in topographic point in this states. The chief impacts with these Acts of the Apostless of force and sabotage on oil and gas installations are the attendant crisp monetary value swings that occur as a direct effect of decrease in capacity. Measurements OF FOSSIL FUEL CONCENTRATION Methodology This starting point for mensurating the dodo fuel concentration ratio among parts is to mention to the work by Orris Herfindahl and Albert O. Hirshman[ 22 ]on the measuring of the grade of market concentration in an industry. 3.1.1 THE HERFINDAHL HIRSHMAN INDEX The Herfindahl Hirshman Index is slackly known the grade of market concentration or a measuring of the size of a steadfast relation to the industry[ 23 ]. It provides indicant of the degree of competition between houses in an industry. Let us presume, Si is the market portion of an ith house, and so the Index is estimated by: Where S2i = market portion of an ‘ith ‘ house ( normally expressed as a per centum N = the figure of houses in the market The HHI recognises both the comparative size of the house every bit good as the figure of houses in the market. The utility of HHI to gauge fossil fuel concentration, lies in the fact that in an industry the figure is known and a weight commensurate to the market portion house is attached to each house to the ith ‘ house which when substituted into the expression gives an indicant of the degree of fight of the industry. The maximal value for HHI is 10000 reflecting a monopoly state of affairs and the lowest value is zero ( 0 ) as the market moves towards a perfect completion state of affairs[ 24 ]. ( See Figure 7 below ) 3.2. MEASURING THE PRICE IMPLICATION OF RESOURCE CONCENTRATION[ 25 ] The monetary value deductions of fossil fuel resource concentration can be broken into two constituents. The first portion is the Energy Security Market Concentration ( ESMC ) which is the grade of market concentration in each planetary dodo fuel market. The ESMC gives an indicant of the ‘price hazard ‘ consequent to fossil fuel resource concentration. The 2nd portion is incorporated into an Energy Security Price Index ( ESPI ) that provides an appraisal of any given state ‘s degree of exposure to these monetary value hazards. The ESMC relies to a great extent on the work by Herfindhal Hirschman Index ( HHI ) , which is derived as the amount of the square of each market portion of all houses. Although, the planetary market for oil, coal, and gas market are considered individually, the providers ( market participants ) are assumed to be states instead than private houses. The ground for the focal point on states is because the authorities have control of the development of natural resources within their boundary lines. The inquiry of what the step of market portion should be used is besides really of import. Since unequal distribution of resources created the planetary market, the step of market portion of fossil fuels on ‘resources ‘ would be inappropriate. Market portion should non be based on production or exports but that excessively depends on monetary values and physical exports capacity. However, market portion based on net export seems good suited as it takes history of physical restrictions and the issue of whether states monetary value exports otherwise from domestic ingestion or non[ 26 ]. The ESMC for each dodo fuel type would hence be calculated utilizing the expression similar to the HHI and is given below: ESMC= a?‘ S2ifaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. ( eqn 1 ) I Where Sif is the leaden portion of an single provider I in the planetary market for fuel degree Fahrenheit defined by its cyberspace export potency ( Sif varies from 0 to 100 ) . Valuess of ESMC vary from between 0, which suggests a close perfect competition state of affairs to 10,000 for a pure monopoly state of affairs. A fuel with a higher ESMC value implies a higher insecurity. Therefore since monetary value hazard is reflected in ESMC, the ‘price hazard calculated would be the same for any state. As a consequence, any state in the universe including Japan and the USA would confront the same monetary value hazards associated with resource concentration. In order to acquire a more accurate ESPI, some alterations has to be made on the ESMC to account for political instability. This is because political instability is important because fossil fuels as frequently geographically concentrated in politically sensitive parts like the Caspian Sea part for case which has been prone to many affraies. To account for political instability, the step of ESMC can be defined as ; ESMCpol= a?‘ ( ri * S2if ) aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ( eqn 2 ) I Where Rhode Island is the political evaluation for the state ‘i ‘ which in this survey is the World Banks administration index on political instability[ 27 ]. ESMCpol therefore scopes from 0 to 30,000 where 0 indicates a perfect competition among states with the highest degree of political stableness and 30,000 indicates a pure monopoly of a state with the worst degree of political stableness[ 28 ]. ESMCpol for coal, oil and gas that would be used to cipher ESPI in the instance surveies presented in chapter 4 will be adopted for Levefre ‘s ( 2009 ) work. ENERGY SECURITY PRICE INDEX ( ESPI ) After deducing the ESMC, the ESPI must so be estimated. The ESPI reflects the exposure of a given state to the monetary value hazards linked with resource concentration. The part of the state ‘s entire concluding primary energy supply exposed to each ESMCpol value must be calculated. The ESPI is hence calculated as ESPI= a?‘ ( ESMCpol~f * Ef/TPES ) aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ( eqn 3 ) F Where ESMCpol-f is the ESMCpol value for peculiar dodo fuel degree Fahrenheit, Ef is the state ‘s supply exposed to the ‘price hazard ‘ of fuel degree Fahrenheit, and TPES is the state ‘s Entire Primary Energy Supply[ 29 ]. ESPI ‘s values ranges from 0 to 15000[ 30 ] MEASURING PHYSICAL AVAILABILITY IMPLICATIONS OF RESOURCE CONCENTRATION ENERGY SECURITY PHYSICAL AVAILABILITY INDEX ( ESPAI ) The ESPAI is an Index which is relevant merely the gas market. In a state of affairs where the gas market is regulated, gas monetary values are non affected by the forces of demand and supply. Physical handiness hence becomes an of import security concern because demand is likely to transcend supply in a regulated government[ 31 ]. This is normally the instance in the European Union every bit good as Japan. In such state of affairss the flexibleness of gas substructures to suit strong on-peak demand determines the physical handiness hazard. During the winter months in early 2009, some parts of Europe experienced break in gas supply from Russia as a consequence of the Transit grapevine issue between Russia and Ukrain[ 32 ]. This is what happens when a state relies on merely one import grapevine for its domestic demands. Due to the comparative inflexibleness of grapevines, the physical handiness concerns are normally grapevine based imports of gas instead than LNG beginnings. The attack of measuring the ESPAI therefore is to gauge the portion of the state ‘s entire demand met by grapevine based gas imports procured through long term understandings as the ESPAI. The ESPAI can hence be expressed as ; ESPAI=Gasimp-pipe-regulated/TPES†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ .. ( eqn 4 ) Where Gasimp-pipe-regulated is the supply of gas that is imported by grapevine based regulated contracts. ESPAI value ranges from 0 to 100. O is a state of affairs where there are no grapevine based imports ( LNG based imports ) or all purchases are made on competitory footings and 100 where the state is self sufficient in gas in the conjectural instance. The overall attack in this work with the inclusion of ESPAI is to mensurate the energy security deductions of fossil fuel concentration can be summarized as shown in Figure 8 below. WHY USA AND JAPAN? Oil is the lifeblood of the U.S. economic system[ 34 ]. America imports about 60 % of the oil it consumes, and harmonizing to 2005 estimations, approximately $ 680million is spent on oil imports per twenty-four hours[ 35 ]. Oil and natural gas monetary value additions in recent old ages has had a profound impact on U.S. concerns every bit good as on consumers in signifier of higher monetary values for goods[ 36 ]. However, since the U.S has the largest coal militias in the universe for any individual state, we shall non gauge and the ESPI for coal[ 37 ]. Japan is the 3rd largest consumer of fossil fuels in the universe but has its ain alone challenges. It is resource hapless and has to depend on imports for virtually all of it fossil fuel demands[ 38 ]. Figure 9 below shows Japans dependance on Middle East oil has grown from 73.2 % in 1973 to 86.4 % in 2007 with an all clip high of 89.9 % in 2006. Harmonizing to IEA, both states dependance on imported energy beginnings are really high. Japan ‘s energy imports rose from 81 % in 2005 to 96 % in 2006, an highly vulnerable energy supply construction[ 39 ]. America ‘s energy imports on the other manus rose from 29 % to 38 % between the same periods, a potentially vulnerable state of affairs. Beginning: IEA, Key Energy Statistics ( 2008 ) Development OF ESMC ( 2004 – 2030 ) In this subdivision, the attack detailed supra is applied to two OECD states, Japan and The United States of America ( U.S.A ) to measure the development of ESPI overtime. Country level informations gathered from IEA ( 2008 ) and projections from the World Economic Outlook ( 2008 ) mention scenario are used in the analysis[ 40 ]. ESMC[ 41 ]in the international oil market as estimated by Levefre is about 3700 in 2004 ( See Figure 12 ) , in the 2004 to 2010, ESMC drops somewhat before shiping on a uninterrupted rise to about 4800 in the 2004 to 2030 period stand foring an a 30 % addition between the 2004 to 2030 period[ 42 ]. 2030. The ESMCpol is about 8700 in 2004, and increases to about 11,400 by 2030. In the coal market, ESMC is about 1900 in 2004 and rises to 2300 by 2030 stand foring a 22 % growing ( See figure 13 below ) . ESMCpol is about 3000 in 2004, and rises to about 3700 in 2030, 62 % higher than ESMC. In the gas Market, the ESMC is about 2200 in a regionally constrained grapevine based gas market but when the displacement to a planetary gas market occurred, there was bead in ESMC value to shut to 1000 in 2010 and later increases to about 1100 by 2020 before making falling farther to 900 in 2030. ( See figure 13 ) ESMCpol is nevertheless 4800 in 2004, fell to1700 in 2030. Development OF ESPI JAPAN AND USA ( 2004 TO 2030 ) From figure 15 below, the development of Japan ‘s fuel mix from 1990 – 2030 shows the dominant function dodo fuels plays in the energy mix. By 2030, atomic portion would increase while fossil fuel portion would somewhat cut down. However, by 2030, Japan would still depend on fossil fuels for 80 % of its energy demands[ 43 ]. The fuel mix for the USA is similar to that of Japan bespeaking approximately 90 % dependance on fossil fuels in 2004 and falling to approximately 80 % in 2030 ( See figure 16 below )[ 44 ]. Consequences for the development of ESPI in Japan in presented in table 1 below. The ESI and the ESPAI are both based on informations collected from the IEA every bit good as assumed ESMCpol values from Levefre ( 2009 )[ 45 ] The get downing point was to gauge Ef for 2004 in Japan for all fuels ; it was found that Japan is extremely dependance on imports for its energy demands. The base old ages Ef was calculated and approximated so this computation was used to gauge an false Ef for the subsequent periods. For simpleness we would presume that 100 % of demand for oil is met through oil-indexed long-run contracts thereby exposing the entire oil demand to the oil market. Besides, we would presume 100 % exposure of coal to the market because it imports more coal than it presently domestically produces. While, it is 85 % exposed to the gas market due to the high dependance on LNG imports. For coal and oil, ESPI grew from 4133.51 to 6785.71 and 2640 to 3458 between the 2004 to 2030 period. Gas ESPI nevertheless fell from 4872 to 1433 could be due to a rapid development of the planetary market for gas. Due to the high dependance on oil in the USA, the Ef is besides calculated utilizing similar methods with Japan and for simpleness the false Ef is that the 100 % of demand for oil is met through oil-indexed long-run contracts thereby exposing the entire oil demand to the oil market. Besides, we would presume 5 % exposure of coal to the market because the USA has one of the largest coal militias in the universe. While, it is 20 % of gas demand is exposed to the gas market due to the LNG imports. For coal and oil, ESPI grew from 943 to 1293 and 27 to 87 between the 2004 to 2030 period. Like Japan, Gas ESPI besides fell from 118.40 to 93 in the period ( See table 2 above ) . Summarily, the ESPI fell from 11645 in 2004 to 9924 in 2015 and rose once more to 11678 in 2030 reflecting Japan is extremely vulnerable to Price hazards as a consequence of dodo fuel concentration. The ESPI for USA besides followed the same form although lower than that of Japan doing the USA besides vulnerable but in a better place than Japan. The value for ESPi ranges from 0 to 15000. The 2004-2030 period depicts a common tendency demoing the comparative importance of oil market hazard on energy security. The instance is more marked for Japan due to its energy hapless province. However the autumn in ESPI for gas reflects the demand to quickly heighten the development of the gas market. ( See figure 17 for the comparisons between Japan and USA ‘s ESPI ) ESPAI IN JAPAN AND USA ( 2004 ) Japan is the big natural gas consumer and must trust on imports for virtually all of its natural gas demands because its deficiencies international grapevine connexion. Today Japan is the largest importer of liquified natural gas ( LNG ) in the universe and presently histories for about 40 per centum of planetary LNG imports[ 47 ]. This makes it un-necessary to gauge the ESPAI because it has no grapevine contracts. ( See figure 18 below for top LNG importers in the universe ) The USA besides has limited trust on imports for its gas demands. In 2004, ESPAI is 0.1 picturing really low exposure to physical handiness of gas. ( See figure 19 ) Restriction OF THIS RESEARCH The WEO projections in the mention scenario is simply a projection of the hereafter and like any prognosis, it is capable to fluctuations therefore it must be noted that it is non an accurate prognosis of the hereafter. The major purpose of this work was to show how the attack detailed in subdivision 3 may work. However, for more formal analysis, a more accurate informations set should be used and a scenario based attack which would bring forth a sensitiveness analysis must besides be undertaken, which was non include in this survey Decision CAN ENERGY INSECURITY DUE TO FOSSIL FUEL CONCENTRATION BE REDUCED? The energy security challenge would go on to be a topical issue in economic, political and scientific arguments in the universe over. From the findings in this paper, the USA and Japan are presently in a vulnerable place with regard to energy security. They must therefore actively pursue policies that will better their current place. Although, fossil fuels concentration in surely creates exposure of to monetary value and physical handiness hazards, it is still unrealistic to propose an straight-out boycott of the planetary market. However, the current energy security state of affairs can still be improved in the average term every bit good as long term end by actively prosecuting variegation of their fuel blend off from fossil fuels to renewable energies that can be domestically produced[ 48 ]. How to cite Gauging The Causes Of Energy Insecurity Economics Essay, Essay examples

Could Ernest Hemingway be considered a tragic figure in contemporary literature Essay Example For Students

Could Ernest Hemingway be considered a tragic figure in contemporary literature? Essay Looking at Ernest Hemingways past, youd see that he lived a very tough, strict childhood. He was raised under the thoughts that if you had strong religion, hard work, physical fitness, and self determination you would be very successful no matter what field you were to go into. This made his relationship with his parents sort of complex. It was more of a difficult relationship with his mother. She was demanding, and was also known to be over bearing. She didnt accept Ernest as being a boy, so she frequently would treat him as a female baby doll and dress him as one as well. He didnt have the ideal childhood as normally wanted. I believe his mother not fostering that proper bond she should have made with him caused him to be unsure of himself. This could possibly be a cause to his depression. An example of the mental torture he was put through with his mother was on his birthday. For his birthday, after he was moved out, his mother sent him a present. She mailed him a cake, the gun that his father had used to kill himself, along with a letter. The letter explained that a mothers life was like a bank. Every child that is born enters the world with a large and prosperous bank account, seemingly inexhaustible. She continued in the letter that he should replenish what he has withdrawn, and wrote out all the specific ways in which Ernest should be making deposits to keep the account in good standing. His mother could be perceived as androgynous, which means having both female and male type qualities or even personalities. In a few of the books Hemingway wrote, he gives someone the impression that he hated his mother. He referred to her as a dominating shrew, meaning she was selfish and only thought of herself. His mother considered herself pure and proper, and became very upset when anything disturbed her view of the world as beautiful. Anything painful, or disgusting, she thought was not lady like. His childhood was very difficult and it stuck with him through-out his adult hood. Ernest never forgave his mother for humiliating him in front of the town. As an adult, Hemingway didnt have it easy either. He lived a sort of rejected adulthood. When he was younger he dreamed of being a boxer. This dream followed him. He had bad eye sight and a bad knee, so this made it so he couldnt be a boxer. In 1918 when he graduated from high school he enlisted in the army. He didnt pass the physical due to the eye sight problem, so he was assigned to be an ambulance driver. All he wanted to do was fight though, but since he didnt pass he couldnt legally fight. If this happened to any other person theyd feel the same as Hemingway was probably feeling, which was very sad and both frustrated with himself that he didnt pass. This added on to his depression. Since he wasnt happy driving the ambulance, he posed as a soldier and lead people into battle with him. Eventually everything was uncovered and they found out that he was posing as a soldier and kicked him out of the army where he then left for Paris with his new wife, first of four wives, Hadley Richardson. He had one child with her and named him Jack. He later divorced Hadley in 1927 and married his second wife Pauline Pfeiffer. He had two children, Patrick and Gregory. During the second marriage, his father committed suicide and this lead Hermingway to become much more depressed. He cheated on his second wife and divorced her marrying Martha Gellhorn. Martha spent all of his money, and treated him very poorly. He finally divorced her, and during WWII he married his final wife Mary. They moved to Ketchum Idaho, and purchased a house. There he was treated for depression. .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 , .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .postImageUrl , .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 , .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2:hover , .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2:visited , .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2:active { border:0!important; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2:active , .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2 .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc5228c8dc3435e821fe2b5524e2ceb2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Sea Fever" - Analysis EssayThey gave him a series of electric shock treatments, but unfortunately this ended in him getting worse. The electric shock destroyed his memory, so he couldnt remember things at all. This lead him to become incapable of writing, and he became much more depressed because of this. Hemingway eventually committed suicide July 2nd, 1961 by a self inflicted gun shot to the head. Based on my studies, I now have reason to say Hemingway can be considered a tragic figure in contemporary literature. He lived a very tough/depressing childhood as well as a very tough/depressing adulthood. Through it all, he became a larger than life American writer. He is sometimes considered one of the greatest writers in American history. From what Hemingway went through, and the circumstances that he was under I think its sad that he died at such a young age but with so many accomplishments. He wasnt really respected until after his death, which here is very tragic. Hemingway had a favorite expression:il faut dabord durer. He used it frequently in private letters and books he signed for friends. The French saying means first, one must endure. Hemingway, in my opinion is one who has truly endured.

Blues Music And Its Influence On Integration free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Sarah Anne Stevenson Dave Stockum English Language and Comprehension 20 November 1999 Bluess Music and its influence on integrating From old ages 1505 to 1870, the universe underwent the largest forced migration in history: West Africa was shortly to be convulsed by the reaching of Europeans and go the coming of the transatlantic slave trade. Ships from Europe, edge for America, appeared on the skyline, and their captains and sailors-carrying muskets, blades, and shackles-landed on the seashore, walked up the beach in their unusual apparels, looked around, and demanded slaves. A hideous chapter in history had begun, and neither Africa nor America would be the same once more. ( Awmiller 14 ) Approximately 10 million Africans were brought across the seas to the Americas to be manipulated into bondage ( 14 ) . It became evident that these African work forces, adult females and kids were meant to bring forth money. They were meant to work rough labour, yet they were no longer intend to hold a voice. We will write a custom essay sample on Blues Music And Its Influence On Integration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A few Americans took the clip to appreciate the difficult work performed by the slaves ; nevertheless, grasp is a short measure in the long route to equality. It was non until the late nineteenth century that America began to mend the amendss done by this immoral trading of human existences. Once the slaves were? freed? after the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, it did non make much to stop the subjugation and bias against their race. Their freedom did non give them a bosom ; it did non turn out they had psyche. This is where their music becomes important, and this is Blues music ( How the Blues Overview ) . Throughout their music, it took much less clip for the black race to turn out that they were non unlike the remainder of humanity ; in fact, they did hold a voice, and a stalking one. Once Blues music was non merely recognized, but besides comprehended, admired and imitated, it opened the Gatess of in-migration, and the state to this twenty-four hours has matured in its abilit y to see grey. Included in the mass of faceless slaves, the boats entrapped and migrated a big figure of griots. A griot was an African version of the European roving folk singer. They spent their lives going from small town to village, playing the function of a musician, narrator and wise adult male. They typically carried an instrument similar to a guitar or banjo ( Awmiller 13 ) . However, due to their rapid alteration in environment, they could no longer sing the vocals that they used to sing in their old small towns ; they invented new vocals. The griots invented new vocals that addressed their new and terrific fortunes: Songs about being chained on the ships below deck like animate beings, about those who did non last the barbarous crossing to New World, and about the places they would neer see once more. And one time in America, there were other adversities to sing about: the shame of the auction block, the separation of household members, the remorseless intervention at the custodies of landholders. ( 15 ) Even though their Masterss, and most slave proprietors at the clip, continued a moving ridge of new Torahs and limitations to stamp down the baleful civilization of Africa, these griots and these slaves used their new manner of music to shout out against these blazing errors to their race. They needed an flight to retain the necessities of their civilization, of their fatherland of which they doubtless could non stamp down the memories of values and of experiences known antecedently to them. By the terminal of the Civil War, these slaves had blended African and European influences to animate their ain civilization. This neo-African civilization included Afro-american manners of dance and storytelling, work and spiritualty, conversation and community. ? By sifting among the many elements of this vibrant, vital universe, we can follow the specific musical roots of what would be known, by the terminal of the century, as? the blues? ? ( 15 ) . Bluess music originated in the cotton Fieldss of the southern United States where the bulk of the slave custodies were put to work. ? The earliest folk-blues were sung by unidentified African-Americans life and working in the South? s cotton belt in the early 1880? s and 1890? s- in peculiar, the part from the Mississippi Delta to East Texas? ( Barlow 3 ) . It was believed that this began as a call and response manner, which matured into the work vocal. From that point of view, after the release of the slaves, the work vocal so matured into their Spirituals, and subsequently was introduced to the Whites through black-faced Minstrel of Medicine shows ( How the Blues Overview ) . As the music matured and became more celebrated, its influence became outstanding in the music manners of the clip, and in the entwining relationships between the races. ? The music was a alone and cultural offering that Whites could non deny. It was something new and challenging to Whites that shed a new visi ble radiation on inkinesss and their topographic point in American civilization and society? ( Overview ) . The music did non look to hold the same colour limitations as the music antecedently performed. It drew inkinesss and whites together in a topographic point where everyone could go forth the Jim Crow Torahs at the door ( Overview ) . This offered a new and good life style for the inkinesss every bit good as the Whites. Possibly the involvement was that the white people had found a new endowment to work and from which to do easy money, or possibly, possibly it was because the Whites truly understood the cultural significance in the music and respected this endowment of the black race adequate to get the better of racial and cultural differences. ? The white slave proprietors were intrigued by the slaves? ? music? [ and ] encouraged the slaves to sing and play? because they felt that the slaves were happier-and less rebellious-if they were allowed to do their music? ( Haskins 9 ) . While their music was evidently something these slaves were utilizing to maintain their African heritage, the Whites believed that their music was an look of felicity and contentment. They believed that their vocalizing was an look of their credence of their difficult destiny. Former slave Frederic Douglas wrote that the music of these slaves reflected an look of the antonym: ? I have frequently been absolutely astonished, since I came to the North, to happen individuals who could talk of the vocalizing among slaves as grounds of their committedness and felicity. Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy. The vocals of the slaves represent the sorrows of his life ; and he is relieved by them merely as an hurting bosom is relieved by tears. ? ( Douglas 97 ) ? In the early nineteenth century, advertizements would indicate out the musical endowments of these slaves who were for sale knowing that would set them in higher demand? ( Davis 27-28 ) . It was due to the Whites? misconception that those slaves who displayed musical endowment were typically given easier work and wagess for their endowment and their apparent obeisance of their labour. At times these slaves were bought specifically for their musical endowment and were neer subjected to harsh fieldwork. Sometimes, these black workers were invited to weekend parties, asked to execute, and were given whisky, nutrient and other wagess for their services. ? Blues music was non merely an indispensable component of many spiritual and secular events for inkinesss, but it was a significant beginning of amusement for Whites as good? ( How the Blues Appreciation ) . This displays historically the constitution of the white adult male? s echt grasp for black music. In 1903 Mr. W.C. Handy, subsequently referred to as the? Father of the Blues, ? hears his inspiration. He notices a ruggedly dressed old black adult male sitting on a bench, playing guitar. Handy wrote the notes of the old adult male? s down: Rather than thruming and picking the strings, the adult male was skiding an unfastened pocket knife up and down the guitar? s cervix doing the notes bend and slide, the strings groan and lament. The sound was so much like a human voice that you could about state the guitar was shouting. ( Awmiller 12 ) Gertrude? Ma? Rainey, a professional music hall vocalist, told a similar experience. She heard a immature adult female singing outside her vaudeville collapsible shelter, a strange and? poignant vocal, ? about her adult male who left her. In add-on, farther off, a white fiddle participant named Hart Wand was playing a tune that an Afro-american employee of his male parent? s said gave him? the blues? ( 12 ) . So, what is it that precisely constitutes the Blues? Cross beat were used extensively in the Blues. This was besides outstanding within the old West African drumming. This was popularly created by dividing the melodious line from the groundbeat, which so puts the two in rhythmic struggle, and was done by a lone instrumentalist vocalizing or playing stressing the upbeat. Possibly the most outstanding invention was their melodious inclination to show lifting emotions with falling pitch. This became such a hallmark with the African look of Blues, that it is now referred to as playing bluish notes. Finally, Bluess instrumentalists seldom used the same manner of voice. Blues was a mixture of harsh croaky tones and slurs to falsetto and melisma, and this was all used to colourise the melodious line and give it individuality and expressiveness ; which all of these hallmarks they innovated from their old West African music ( Barlow 4 ) . With this full battle from the white folks to weaken the African # 8217 ; s African heritage, it seems implausible to believe that the slaves # 8217 ; music was what threw the first rock at the barriers between the inkinesss and Whites. It was the Minstrel and Medicine shows from the 1830 # 8217 ; s that gave the Whites their first chance to dig into the civilization of the slaves and their music- in the beginning with the lingering alibi of show concern. A folk singer show was a musical event where white folks got the opportunity to paint their faces black with burned cork and perform in the character of a black adult male. This gave the white Americans their first gustatory sensation of the black adult male # 8217 ; s music in a harmless environment free of the black adult male. Many white American # 8217 ; s in blackface and black garb were able to go around the state, distributing the musical manner of the inkinesss they had heard before to others who may non hold had the chance. This may hold aided in the increasing popularity of a stereotypic black adult male, # 8230 ; nevertheless, if it is true that imitation is the extreme signifier of flattery, so these sh ows were grounds of white’s attractive force and fancy for black civilization ( How the Blues Minstrel and Medicine ) . ? The first folk singer melody identified as such to do a dent in the national consciousness was Tim Rice # 8217 ; s # 8216 ; Jump Jim Crow, # 8217 ; published in 1830 # 8230 ; [ first ] Sung by a black stable manus in Louisville, Kentucky ( Davis 36 ) . These medical specialty shows were? an entry into a universe in which black could be white, white could be black, anything could be itself and at the same time opposite ( 37 ) . There were many white work forces who thought the show? s intent was to do a gag at the black adult male # 8217 ; s disbursal ; nevertheless, most of the white histrions executing at these shows unfeignedly wished to be able to portray the musical manner, and obtain and copy the civilization possessed by the black race. Although this information of the black music and its civilization was 2nd manus, it insinuated the presence of the black adult male, and foreshadowed the reaching of black work forces and adult females instrumentalists into the music concern. Therefore, it seems about dry once more that while some of these white work forces were seeking to know apart against the inkinesss with these shows, they were unwittingly helping in the inkinesss capableness to subsequently reclaim the same rights as the white work forces had. In fact, it was these black-face folk singer shows that subsequently gave the inkinesss the right to play in the same shows. After Minstrel shows, the Medicine shows so became popular around the bend of the century. They became the first shows to have and entertain both white and black Americans. This was perchance the most influential in regard to race dealingss. These shows still offered the Whites a opportunity to set on a black face ; nevertheless, both the inkinesss and Whites were eventually holding on something-music. This is where state and blues came together, and both grew to be a extremely critical and influential landmark in music history. These shows remained popular after the Civil War and forth after the Reconstruction period, a clip span from 1860 until 1877 ( How the Blues Minstrel and Medicine ) . These shows confirmed the common aim of both races and secured the booming concern between the two. While both black and white instrumentalists borrowed freely from each other # 8217 ; s manner of music, the black # 8217 ; s Blues music proved to be the most indispensable in manner with its fa rinaceous vocal texture and its typical accent on rhythmic impulse. ? It was this differentiation that made black entertainers indispensable and continued to cultivate white grasp for black music ( Minstrel and Medicine ) . This is now old ages after Lincoln # 8217 ; s Emancipation Proclamation, and it was around this clip that some white citizens were get downing to see their former slaves as of import subscribers to American civilization. ? Whites began entering the blues in the early twentieth century therefore widening the typical relationship between inkinesss and Whites in a positive way? ( White Interest ) . As both races began to work together, they began to develop the same ideals and ends, and recognizing it or non, began to alter history to break the hereafter for humanity. The black instrumentalists had already been playing in the medical specialty shows and for some clip had begun to go around and execute for the white common people who appreciated their music. The white business communities took notice of this and, after a piece, decided to market this private operation. The blues music of the inkinesss was deriving popularity throughout the United States, and white concern saw this as an chance to do a net income. ( Thank heavens for capitalist economy! ) Although this seems to possess a negative affect on the black race and their music, it truly helped develop their rights, particularly in the music concern and their ability to turn as instrumentalists. The record companies sent out lookouts to happen these gifted instrumentalists and enter them. With the success of one blues artist, there came the success of the remainder. This flourished in the 1920 # 8217 ; s particularly. With the successes that these blues work forces were holding, it was decided that they likely did cognize a few things about music. These record companies, owned by white work forces, were engaging these black Bluess instrumentalists to be advisers on which albums to advance and the manner in which to advance it. Despite exposing a stereotyped black, advertizements were selling their Bluess albums. It was exposing to the populace that these black work forces and adult females did hold endowment and were being viewed more as ( about equal ) human existences, and less and less every bit simple workers. Making music is a circumstance under which people of both races could blend without raising really many superciliums ( Integration of Musicians ) . This subsequently assisted to interrupt unfastened civil rights barriers due to the slow alteration in the national consciousness of the clip. ? Rumor has it that the local chapter of the Ku Klux Klan managed Jaybird Coleman, an early Blues mouth organ participant ( Integration of Musicians ) . It was about this clip period, around the late1930? s, that Blues no thirster was being played purely by black instrumentalists, but was being imitated, accurately, by white Bluess instrumentalists. Some white instrumentalists imitated the black music manner of Blues so good that in some cases it is open today who was white and who in fact was genuinely black upon listening to old recordings. This proves that this imitation was done now purely by esteem, and no thirster was being imitated by the Whites merely as a parody every bit much as the Minstrel music was. In add-on, non merely were the Whites copying the Blues music, but besides the state music manner of white music was being integrated into the black manner of Blues. This proves that the civilization between the inkinesss and Whites was get downing to blend and film over, and this was due to the affects of the machination of Blues music. Although it was socially acceptable for the Bluess instrumentalists to compose, compose and bring forth their music, it was frowned upon, until the late 1950 # 8217 ; s, that the teenage coevals be exposed to black Blues instrumentalists. However, white Bluess instrumentalists were another narrative. The distribution of Blues music was eased into the populace by utilizing white screens of black creative persons ( Covers and Dances ) . Ironically plenty, the white screens of these black creative person? s music neer climbed as high on the top-seller list as the 1s originally put out by the black musicians themselves. In 1956, white musician Pat Boone did a screen of the black Blues creative person Little Richard # 8217 ; s? Tutti Frutti that reached figure 18 on the best seller chart. However, when Small Richard put out his ain release of Long Tall Sally subsequently in that same twelvemonth, before Boone put out his screen of it, Small Richard already had it at figure six. This merely proves that, nevertheless trying to decelerate the eventual rise of black creative persons, they were in fact rushing the inevitable. Nothing did more than the screen phenomenon to ease a mass market for R A ; B and widen the chances for black creative persons? ? ( Ward 44 ) . These screens merely expedited the procedure of the mass exposure of the populace, and this rapidly developed a funny fancy for Blues and its African civilization. Finally, it did non affair who was singing, every bit long as it was performed good. This Blues phenomenon created a impersonal land for both inkinesss and Whites to portion and, henceforth, better their relationship. Although the black slaves had long been freed, notably there remained in the southern United States an inordinate figure of limitations on the black population. These were the ill-famed? Jim Crow? Torahs. However, when the inkinesss and Whites got together at dances, these seemed to get down to waver and so vanish. The dances would get down with the functionaries threading a rope spliting the dance floor in half to maintain the races from mixing. As the eventide wore on, the music was able to get down up the Jim Crow Torahs # 8230 ; [ and ] it was ever the Whites who instigated the crossing over because a black adult male making so risked being lynched ( How the Blues Covers A ; Dances ) . Another beautiful show of this liberalism was when the wireless became incorporate. About 80 members of the Ku Klux Klan were crushing down the doors of an Alabama wireless station for playing the endowment of black Blues creative person Shelley Playboy Stewart. Their purpose that dark was to kill the proprietor sitting indoors. The proprietor, Ray Mahoney, suggested that the Ku Klux Klan did non believe that The Playboy was good plenty to play for them. All 800+ of the white childs inside jumped out the doors of the station and proceeded to assail the Klan, the same race as they, to contend for one black adult male ( Integrated Radio ) . Literally, they saved the hapless black adult male # 8217 ; s life that dark ; symbolically, they helped salvage the full black race from such persecution. While this kind of activity seemed to go on while the music was playing, and playing good, this remains symbolic of the Whites? willingness to deconstruct the racism and prejudice prominent of the clip. After Elvis, the barriers between black and white music were broken down wholly. The bulk of white adolescents, and those within other age brackets, began to see the significance of the Blues in music and life style, and all were idolizing the music and its musicians-white and black. It was because of Blues music that white childs ventured into black countries and had a sense of? just drama? long before the civil rights motion ( Blues and Rock ) . As there will ever be, there were those people who were disgusted with this kind of music, behaviour, belief, and life style. However, historically and late, this is disregarded as? conservative fluff and discarded in a haste. Once the Blues got this far, there was no clemency and no turning back. It seemed as though Blues music did more for the civil rights motion than Brown vs. the Topeka Board of Education ( Blues and Rock ) . Blues was similar to a little leak on a dike, and one time the H2O broke through, it was best to watch it run i ts class. Traditional Blues music is reflected in modern music, which displays vague or blatant Bluess influences. However, the Napoleons of the Blues shall neer be forgotten because they fought a war America had at one clip decided it could neer win. The music instilled faith into the Black Marias of many black Americans and at the same clip instilled empathy and passion in the white Americans. It non merely congregated people, it congregated two separate civilizations, both every bit different as black and white.

How Does Send A Cow Essays

How Does Send A Cow Essays How Does Send A Cow Essay How Does Send A Cow Essay These phrases are very strong and really hurt us inside, they have several example of If you are poor.. because this shows that if you are poor you lose a lot of things. This makes you feel very bad because, you the reader have everything. You have choice, and your future does not look bleak. There is a rhetorical question. What difference can we make? Everyone knows the answer to this. Send a cow. That is the aim of this advert. Persuading us to help the underprivileged children in Africa.Thats how we all feel, but it takes just one person to believe that something can be done to bring a change to this suffering world. You can pass on the gift. This sentence reassures us that we can do it. Really make a difference. I think that if you really read and think about this advert you can obviously see that they are persuading in various ways. First of all, they really make the reader feel sorry for those children. By using information such as There are no state benefits or national health service and schooling. Secondly they tell us that by supporting its cause, it will generally make you feel better. To be able to give help where once you could only receive it restore dignity, a sense of self worth and a fundamental change in your perspective on life itself. Thirdly they use very emotive language. In what we call the developed world we have so much choice set out before us in an ever growing supermarket of goods ranging from food to computers, that we hardly imagine what it is like to have no choice.Sentence like this that makes you want to help them, andgive them better lives that they deserve. And finally they really encourage us, reassuring us that we can make a difference. Using the rhetorical question. What difference can I make? And a sentence like Thats how we can all feel, but it takes just one person to believe that something can be done to bring a change to a suffering world. Personally I think that this is a well written advertisement because it made me want to help those people in Africa.

Methodology for qualitiative study Research Paper

Methodology for qualitiative study - Research Paper Example Of particular interest is the Lebanese population living in Sydney. Much of the Lebanese population in the region is aware that Diabetes exists and many within the Lebanese community know what the disease is, through associated with family members and friends who have the disease. However, many barriers appear to exist in achieving a greater level of control of this serious health issue. There are also many barriers to prevention, that appear to be prevalent, among members of the Lebanese community in Sydney. In order to obtain a more thorough picture of how the Lebanese population views the health issue and assess what it knows about Diabetes, a research study has been conducted. It is hoped that results of the research will provide greater insights into the challenges in preventing and managing Diabetes, within the Lebanese immigrant population, living in Australia. Data can then be used to develop local or regional education and prevention programs that address the particular need s of the Lebanese population. ... Descriptive research is that which gathers information about a current condition. There is an emphasis on describing the condition, rather than on judging or interpreting results. The open-ended questions allow for study participants to provide answers that involve physical, emotional and psychological effects of having Diabetes, in the Lebanese culture. It is an experience that may be unique to this population, considering the unique features of the Lebanese culture. Descriptive research seeks to verify an existing hypothesis, related to the current condition. With respect to the Lebanese culture and the incidence of Diabetes, it is hypothesised that many cultural influences have a great impact on the incidence and management of the disease. Descriptive research focuses on explaining a current condition or issue in detail, allowing for a complete picture into how the condition is influenced, by a variety of factors. With respect to the local Lebanese population, descriptive research allows the researcher to gain a broader perspective into how Diabetes affects the individual, family, relationships, work, economic status and lifestyle of each participant. It also provides a picture of how each of these factors may influence the prevalence and management of Diabetes within the specific population. With descriptive research, the researcher typically has an idea of the kind of understanding or knowledge to be gained. Knowing how various members of the Lebanese community feel about Diabetes and their beliefs surrounding the disease can provide the researcher with ideas on where barriers to understanding and managing the disease lie. Â   As the purpose of this study

The Code of Hammurabi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Code of Hammurabi - Essay Example After it was studied it became clear what it was: a set of laws expounded by the Babylonian king Hammurabi. It revealed the end of the time of tribal custom and the beginning of a new period of history (Johns). Indeed, as a well-preserved artefact, there is much we can gain from its study. It shows us about the development of cities and kingdoms, how power is used and preserved, how commerce and wealth are created. It is a magnificent record of human development. Why was this code of laws important? Why were people excited to discover it? The answer must lie in the role that laws and rules play in our society and in our evolution. In the distant past, people organized themselves in small groups of hunter-gatherers. Perhaps a few families worked together. It was easy to impose order when everyone knew each other. For example, even today most family disputes never leave the house. The mother or father is in charge and imposes discipline. When agriculture was developed, people began to settle in larger groups. Small towns developed. It became much harder to impose rules and disciplines. What was required was an objective set of standards that was widely known. Property disputes and acts of violence needed to be resolved otherwise they would fester and lead to acts of violence, order would be destroyed. Rules and laws were required to maintain the peace. It is hard to know if the code itself was written in response to serious disorder in Hammurabi’s kingdom at the time. What is more likely is that these were rules that were generally accepted and unwritten for many years before it was decided to write them down. Actually inscribing them has some benefits. It gave more certainty to the system; the rules were written down and could not be changed too easily. However, it is doubtful that the average person would have been able to read at this time. It was more likely for the benefit of those in the court and to leave a lasting legacy regarding the strength and order of the kingdom. Perhaps most significantly, we see here the protean version of the Ten Commandments that would become the basis of our own laws and jurisprudence. There are those who suggest that Moses was inspired by the code of Hammurabi too (Cook, 30). More scholarship may be required to prove this idea, but it is an interesting one that may shed even more light on the development of laws. The Code tells us many important things about Hammurabi’s kingdom. While some of the laws may seem a little harsh to us today, for example, plucking out eyes and teeth, they nevertheless show a high degree of sophistication. The also show the Hammurabi was willing to give up a significant amount of his own discretion as king which other kings might normally use to punish people depending on how they felt that day. These rules provide certainty and clarity. They show that Hammurabi was confident in the strength of his kingdom and willing to give up some power to those who would enfo rce the laws of the land. None of the laws seem to be especially unfair (though the punishment may seem violent to us) and that further proves that these rules were the work of a lucid mind and not a product of a crazed dictator. The recognition of private property is also a major shift away from communal property holding and may even signal the very beginning of the capitalist order (John). This is an

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 3

Strategic Management - Essay Example This assists various firms to get by its complexity thus competing with a variety of factors that influence the operation of business in a specific area. The marketing system of a company must operate within the framework of forces that are made up of the system’s environment. The core environmental forces are external variables, which are not easily manipulated by the board of directors of the organization. Adequate planning must be put in place in order to make sure that the business environment is suitable enough and ready to put the firm or rather organization to the excellent position in the market region. In case a business structure is not well conversant of the environment in which it operates, then it will definitely face challenges that arises from the increasing complexity of the environment within the parameter of operation. The simplest and best method to conduct the analysis of the complex environment in which a business operates is through the PEST analysis concept that simply analyses the elements of Political, Economic, Socio-cultural and Technological factors that causes impact to the organization. The extern al environment entails variables of opportunities and threats that the top management within the organization cannot control within the short-run. This concept involves monitoring and evaluation of information from external and internal sources. This is always done in order to know the position of the organization within its environment of operation. Through this, an organization will know whether it has a competitive advantage or it is on the position that is not favourable. Through this process, the organization will face challenges arising from the complexity of the environment of operation. The concept of understanding the management strategy and effectiveness of an organization is not that easy since it

Natural Disasters And Natural Changes Economics Essay

Natural Disasters And Natural Changes Economics Essay Natural disasters are the effects which are caused by natural changes in the Earth resulting in greater loss or damage to the lives of people and environment. The impacts of natural disasters currently show that is the major hindering of the economic growth in the World. The process of reconstruction after the damage caused by the natural disaster is cost fully and sometime it is unrenewable, like death of people. Also people looking for survive and no more production in the affected area. These effects cause great impacts in the global economy on the World. 1.2. Aim The aim of this report is to evaluate the effect of natural disaster, such as Japan Earthquake and Sichuan Earthquake on global economy on the World. The disaster causes an economic growth to slow by destructing the major industries and productive areas in Japan and China. But, the report shows that, the Japans Earthquake causes largest economic impacts on the World scale than Sichuan Earthquake. 1.3. Scope This report focuses on global economic impacts on the World caused by these Earthquakes. The major areas affected are industries, export and import trading, oil sector and agriculture sector. 2.0. JAPAN EARTHQUAKE 2.1. Background The Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011. It measured 8.9 on the Richter scale, and it is the biggest country earthquake and seventh largest on record since began (smh.com.au, march 11, 2011).The major areas affected are Sendai, Ichihara, Fukushima, Onagawa, Ofunato, and Kesennuma.This phenomena causes negative impacts on global economy. Furthermore, it depresses the production from the factories and cause derails on global economy. 2.2. Global Economic Impacts 2.2.1. Death of people People are the main source of labour in the World. This research shows that, about 7,300 people are confirmed dead and nearly 11,000 missing (Sawer, P Cooper 2011). Labour force are important for increasing production in a country, Meanwhile; after this catastrophe, people looking for surviving and no more production of goods made in Industries, Therefore, causes the country to contribute less demand of product global and disrupt other Industries in the World which depend on importation of manufactured goods from Japan. For example Japan exports spare part of cars and semiconductor to USA (Beckman, K 2011). 2.2.2. Damage of Infrastructure Infrastructure is the important for the National development globally and domestically. The damage made on infrastructure is quite make difficulties on growth of economy. The time it takes for infrastructure to rebuild after the effect of earthquake take several days and needs more money. Although the area damaged covers small part in Northern Japan, but it is unavoidable disrupting the economy, because it cause some companies to suspend their services from northern and eastern part of Japan, like delivery company Boeings 787 Dreamliner (Xu, S 2011).This damage of Infrastructure causes the decrease of GDP and stopping or delaying in the contributing in the global development projects. 2.2.3. Damage on Nuclear Reactor Due to closing of the nuclear reactors, which is the main source of power, the economic effect due to this disaster is expected to be huge because many Industries are depending on it. After this disaster, Japan closes their steel mills Industries which are causes the increase of the price of steel in the World and reducing the consumption of iron ore in large amount (Oliver, S 2011). Japans strongest earthquake raises global demand for natural gas, coal and oil products in order to replace the power generated by the closed damaged nuclear reactors (Beckman 2011). Therefore, the disaster shocks the global market. 2.2.4. Export and Import Trade Import and export of goods from Japan and other countries are rarely decreased due to this disaster. China imports metal, and auto parts and electronics from Japan and exports crude oil, and coal to Japan. But due to disruption of economy caused by this earthquake, Japan reduced the order of commodities from other countries. This circumstance affects the International business on global market. 2.2.5. Fall in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Japans earthquake steep declined Japans economy. The GDP fell by 8.6 per cent. This falling may cause greater negative impact on trade with other countries. Japan runs many projects worldwide to support other countries in development. For example; JICA money to support India-Project may be delayed due to fall in GDP (Panda, R 2011). Delaying on the completion of project on time gives back the growth of economy in the World. 2.2.6. Closing of Factories. The major factories which affected are Toyota Motor Corporation, Nissan Motor Co, Cosmo Oil Co (oil refinery), Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd (Maker of Subaru cars and aircraft), Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co (zinc smelter), Panasonic Corp (producing audio products and digital cameras), Tokyo Electric Power Co (nuclear plant automatically shut), and Tokyo Gas Co. These are the giant companies on the World for delivering output in the World. Example, Toyota produces 420,000 of small cars for export per annually. (Webb, T 2011). Therefore, the products in the global market were decreased and have been more affected by this earthquake. 3.0. SICHUAN EARTHQUAKE 3.1. Background This quake occurred on 12 May 2008. The main cities affected are Beichuan, Dujiangyan, Shifang, Mianzhu, Juyuan, Jiangyou, Miangyang, Chengdu, Qionglai and Deyang (Tu, J 2008). The earthquake measured 7.8 on the Richter scale and enclosed largely to the mountainous areas of Sichuan province, leaving the important area for industrial centers undamaged (Chan, J 2008). Sichuan province contributes about 4% of the total China Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and only contributes 2.5 % of Chinas manufacturing product. (Chan, J 2008).Therefore, the Sichuan earthquake contribute a small relative impacts on global economy on the World. 3.2. Global Economic Impacts 3.2.1 Industries Closed The number of Industries closed was about 14,207. This effect deteriorated production of the countrys economy. China is one of the major producers of agriculture equipment on the World. (Chan, J 2008). Thus, this earthquake disaster is lowering the global economy on agriculture sector from countries which import agriculture machine from China. 3.2.2 Hydropower The Sichuan is the common regions for hydropower generation in China (Chan, J 2008). The hydropower situated in Sichuan province were cut off to produce the power to the national grid, this causing some Industries to close its operation due to shorted of power and hence the GDP slow down. The exportation of commodities produced by these Industries was not sufficient to meet the demand of the world. 3.2.3 Industries Labour Sichuan province is a largest provider of the cheap labour force; it provides about 20 million migrant labours to the rest of the regions of China (Chan, J 2008). These numbers of migrant labours, if they turn back to their home in order to increase the effort in reconstruction of the area which was damaged by the earthquake, it will increase labours deficit in other parts in China. This situation, will increase the pressure for wage payment and retarding the China economy and the World economy in general. 3.2.4 Price of the Commodities The Sichuan disaster causes the rise of global prices of commodities. Crude oil prices in United States went beyond $130 per barrel after the effect of the earthquake, this is due to China is the second worlds largest consumer of oil, Japan is also affected by this earthquake; it imports 90% of metallic silicon, a material used to make semiconductors and solar cells. Most of the silicon comes from Sichuan province. The price rose from the pre-quake level of $US2,300 per ton to $2,500. And it is possible the price could rise to $3,000 due to shortages of commodity (Chan, J 2008). 3.2.5 Energy Infrastructure The Sichuan Province is reach in hydro power, coal and natural gases production, it produce 71.2% of hydropower, 27.3% of coal, and 1.5% of natural gases (Fogarty M, 2011). The damage of energy infrastructure during the earthquake is likely holding back the enthusiasm of energy production. Decrease in production of energy causes the industries to slow up the production of goods. This causes them to affect the global economy 4.0 CONCLUSION The Japan Earthquake causes greater global economic impacts compared to the Sichuan Earthquake. The Sichuan Earthquake contributes only 4.2 of the GDP of the China and causing the falling of 0.2 % of the economy growth in China. The Japan Earthquake hit the major area for industries; like Automakers Industries, Fuji heavy Industry, Sony, Nuclear reactors, which is the main source of power in many giant Industries, which result many industries to be closed, thus no production made. Also, this Earthquake causes a loss of $US 100 billion. This earthquake causes the oil price to fall by 3% because Japan stops importing oil from other countries and is the one of the Worlds largest importers of oil.Lastly, the earthquake decline in orders of coal, iron ore from Australia, which is the second largest trading partner. Therefore, Japan Earthquake has greater global economic effect than Sichuan Earthquake in China.

Amazon.com Case Study Essay -- Business Marketing Management

The objective of this case study is to outline and provide a brief overview of Amazon.com’s (Amazon) mission, strategic direction, core competencies, relied technologies and their future impact of new technologies, and how management and use of consumer data will impact future business. In addition, we have analyzed Amazon’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a SWOT analysis. Based on this analysis, and research, we have recommend a course of action as to how Amazon should respond to their weaknesses and threats and how best to leverage strengths to take advantage of available opportunities. Amazon’s Mission and Strategic Direction Amazon.com, Inc. is an internet retailer headquartered in Seattle, Washington founded by CEO Jeff Bezos. Their mission and strategy is quite simply â€Å"to offer Earth’s Biggest Selection and to be Earth’s most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything they may want to buy online and [we] endeavor to offer our customers the lowest possible price.†1 And, if they can’t help they will point the customer to a site that can. The company accomplishes this by operating six global internet sites: www.amazon.com, www.amazon.ca, www.amazon.de, www.amazon.jp, www.amazon.co.fr and www.amazon.co.uk. Through their zShops, auctions, affiliate program, Merchants@ and Amazon Marketplace programs, Amazon, and their sellers and partners, offer new and used collectibles and products in categories such as apparel and accessories, DVDs, electronics, computers, books, music, videos, cell phones, tools and hardware, the list is almost endless. In order to maintain quality, the company packages and ships all of its merchandise. They also continue to negotiate volume deals with suppliers to meet their goal of lowering prices. Additionally, Amazon has formed partnerships and alliances with publishers, other on-line retailers, technology providers, either handling their web site operations or linking brick-and-mortar entities to its virtual storefront. As part of their diversification strategy, Amazon recently acquired Internet Movie Database www.imdb.com (IMDb), which is an authoritative source of information on movie and entertainment. This acquisition is one of many Amazon is making expand its product and service offerings. The company is also preparing to sell internet domain names and already ... ...omers. Possible future partnerships could involve companies like AT&T who is currently developing a â€Å"web cents† card for online shopping. This partnership could also lead to technology developments which Amazon already uses to leverage its position. All in all Amazon should do well if it continues to stay true to its mission – the customer. References: Amazon.com, â€Å"Investor Relations,† â€Å"About Amazon.com,† â€Å"Annual Report,† â€Å"Privacy Notice,†, â€Å"Web Services,† www.amazon.com, Online, May 2003, www.amazon.com> Kaplan, Simon, â€Å"The Right Fit,† www.cio.com, Online, May 2003 www.cio.com/archive/120101/fit content.html Dignan, Larry, â€Å"The Day Ahead: Dot-coms grow up, chief execs step out,† www.zdnet.co.uk, Online, May 2003, Fool.com, â€Å"Amazon’s CEO Letters,† www.fool.com, Online, May 2003, www.fool.com/server/foolprint.asp?file==/news/foth/2002/foth021119.htm Bannan, Karen J., â€Å"Book Battle,† Media Week,† EBSCOhost, Online, May 2003, Vol. 10 Issue 9, P72, 2p, 5c Hoovers.com, â€Å"Profile,† www.hovers.com, Online, May 2003, www.hoovers.com/premium/profile/3/0,2147, 51493,00.html Fortune.com, â€Å"Amazon: Can Amazon Be Saved?,† www.fortune.com, Online, May 2003, www.fortune.com Amazon.com Case Study Essay -- Business Marketing Management The objective of this case study is to outline and provide a brief overview of Amazon.com’s (Amazon) mission, strategic direction, core competencies, relied technologies and their future impact of new technologies, and how management and use of consumer data will impact future business. In addition, we have analyzed Amazon’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a SWOT analysis. Based on this analysis, and research, we have recommend a course of action as to how Amazon should respond to their weaknesses and threats and how best to leverage strengths to take advantage of available opportunities. Amazon’s Mission and Strategic Direction Amazon.com, Inc. is an internet retailer headquartered in Seattle, Washington founded by CEO Jeff Bezos. Their mission and strategy is quite simply â€Å"to offer Earth’s Biggest Selection and to be Earth’s most customer-centric company, where customers can find and discover anything they may want to buy online and [we] endeavor to offer our customers the lowest possible price.†1 And, if they can’t help they will point the customer to a site that can. The company accomplishes this by operating six global internet sites: www.amazon.com, www.amazon.ca, www.amazon.de, www.amazon.jp, www.amazon.co.fr and www.amazon.co.uk. Through their zShops, auctions, affiliate program, Merchants@ and Amazon Marketplace programs, Amazon, and their sellers and partners, offer new and used collectibles and products in categories such as apparel and accessories, DVDs, electronics, computers, books, music, videos, cell phones, tools and hardware, the list is almost endless. In order to maintain quality, the company packages and ships all of its merchandise. They also continue to negotiate volume deals with suppliers to meet their goal of lowering prices. Additionally, Amazon has formed partnerships and alliances with publishers, other on-line retailers, technology providers, either handling their web site operations or linking brick-and-mortar entities to its virtual storefront. As part of their diversification strategy, Amazon recently acquired Internet Movie Database www.imdb.com (IMDb), which is an authoritative source of information on movie and entertainment. This acquisition is one of many Amazon is making expand its product and service offerings. The company is also preparing to sell internet domain names and already ... ...omers. Possible future partnerships could involve companies like AT&T who is currently developing a â€Å"web cents† card for online shopping. This partnership could also lead to technology developments which Amazon already uses to leverage its position. All in all Amazon should do well if it continues to stay true to its mission – the customer. References: Amazon.com, â€Å"Investor Relations,† â€Å"About Amazon.com,† â€Å"Annual Report,† â€Å"Privacy Notice,†, â€Å"Web Services,† www.amazon.com, Online, May 2003, www.amazon.com> Kaplan, Simon, â€Å"The Right Fit,† www.cio.com, Online, May 2003 www.cio.com/archive/120101/fit content.html Dignan, Larry, â€Å"The Day Ahead: Dot-coms grow up, chief execs step out,† www.zdnet.co.uk, Online, May 2003, Fool.com, â€Å"Amazon’s CEO Letters,† www.fool.com, Online, May 2003, www.fool.com/server/foolprint.asp?file==/news/foth/2002/foth021119.htm Bannan, Karen J., â€Å"Book Battle,† Media Week,† EBSCOhost, Online, May 2003, Vol. 10 Issue 9, P72, 2p, 5c Hoovers.com, â€Å"Profile,† www.hovers.com, Online, May 2003, www.hoovers.com/premium/profile/3/0,2147, 51493,00.html Fortune.com, â€Å"Amazon: Can Amazon Be Saved?,† www.fortune.com, Online, May 2003, www.fortune.com